Complete Lesson: Simple Words (Common English Words)
Learning English becomes easy when you start with simple, common words — the words we use every single day. This lesson is designed for beginners and covers vocabulary, grammar tips, example sentences, short dialogues, and practice exercises so that you can build a strong foundation in English.
Each word includes its Urdu meaning in brackets to help you understand and remember easily.
Part 1: Greetings and Common Phrases
| English |
Urdu Meaning |
| Hello | ہیلو |
| Hi | ہائے |
| Good morning | صبح بخیر |
| Good afternoon | دوپہر بخیر |
| Good evening | شام بخیر |
| Good night | شب بخیر |
| Please | براہ کرم |
| Thank you | شکریہ |
| You're welcome | کوئی بات نہیں |
| Sorry | معذرت |
| Excuse me | معاف کیجئے |
| Yes | جی ہاں |
| No | نہیں |
| Maybe | شاید |
| Goodbye | خدا حافظ |
| See you later | پھر ملیں گے |
| How are you? | آپ کیسے ہیں؟ |
| I am fine | میں ٹھیک ہوں |
| Nice to meet you | آپ سے مل کر خوشی ہوئی |
Example sentences:
- Good morning! How are you today?
- Thank you very much for your help.
- Excuse me, can you help me?
- Nice to meet you, my name is Ali.
Short Dialogue:
A: Hello! Good morning.
B: Good morning! How are you?
A: I am fine, thank you. And you?
B: I am fine too.
Part 2: Pronouns
| English |
Urdu Meaning |
| I | میں |
| You | تم / آپ |
| He | وہ (مرد) |
| She | وہ (عورت) |
| It | یہ / وہ (چیز) |
| We | ہم |
| They | وہ سب |
| Me | مجھے |
| Him | اسے (مرد) |
| Her | اسے (عورت) |
| Us | ہمیں |
| Them | انہیں |
| My | میرا |
| Your | تمہارا |
| His | اس کا |
| Her | اس کی |
| Our | ہمارا |
| Their | ان کا |
| Mine | میرا (ملکیت) |
| This | یہ |
| That | وہ |
| These | یہ سب |
| Those | وہ سب |
Example sentences:
- I am a student.
- She is my sister.
- This is my book, and that is your bag.
- We are going to the market.
Part 3: Numbers
1–20
One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten,
Eleven, Twelve, Thirteen, Fourteen, Fifteen, Sixteen,
Seventeen, Eighteen, Nineteen, Twenty
Tens
Thirty (30), Forty (40), Fifty (50), Sixty (60),
Seventy (70), Eighty (80), Ninety (90), Hundred (100)
Ordinal Numbers
- First (پہلا)
- Second (دوسرا)
- Third (تیسرا)
- Fourth (چوتھا)
- Fifth (پانچواں)
- Sixth (چھٹا)
- Seventh (ساتواں)
- Eighth (آٹھواں)
- Ninth (نواں)
- Tenth (دسواں)
Example sentences:
- I have two brothers and one sister.
- Today is the first day of school.
- She got the third position in class.
Part 4: Days, Months, and Time Words
Days of the Week
Monday (پیر), Tuesday (منگل), Wednesday (بدھ),
Thursday (جمعرات), Friday (جمعہ), Saturday (ہفتہ),
Sunday (اتوار)
Months of the Year
January, February, March, April, May, June, July,
August, September, October, November, December
Time Words
| English |
Urdu Meaning |
| Today | آج |
| Tomorrow | کل (آنے والا) |
| Yesterday | کل (گزرا ہوا) |
| Now | ابھی |
| Later | بعد میں |
| Morning | صبح |
| Afternoon | دوپہر |
| Evening | شام |
| Night | رات |
| Week | ہفتہ |
| Month | مہینہ |
| Year | سال |
| Hour | گھنٹہ |
| Minute | منٹ |
| Second | سیکنڈ |
| Always | ہمیشہ |
| Never | کبھی نہیں |
| Sometimes | کبھی کبھی |
Example sentences:
- Today is Wednesday, and tomorrow is Thursday.
- I wake up early in the morning.
- She always comes to school on time.
Part 5: Colors
| English |
Urdu Meaning |
| Red | لال |
| Blue | نیلا |
| Green | سبز |
| Yellow | پیلا |
| Black | کالا |
| White | سفید |
| Pink | گلابی |
| Orange | نارنجی |
| Purple | جامنی |
| Brown | بھورا |
| Grey | خاکستری |
| Gold | سنہری |
| Silver | چاندی جیسا |
Example sentence:
- The sky is blue, and the grass is green.
Part 6: Family Members
| English |
Urdu Meaning |
| Father | والد / ابا |
| Mother | والدہ / امی |
| Brother | بھائی |
| Sister | بہن |
| Son | بیٹا |
| Daughter | بیٹی |
| Husband | شوہر |
| Wife | بیوی |
| Grandfather | دادا / نانا |
| Grandmother | دادی / نانی |
| Uncle | چچا / ماموں |
| Aunt | چچی / خالہ |
| Cousin | کزن |
| Friend | دوست |
| Neighbor | پڑوسی |
Example sentence:
- My mother cooks delicious food every day.
Part 7: Common Verbs (Action Words)
| English |
Urdu Meaning |
| Go | جانا |
| Come | آنا |
| Eat | کھانا |
| Drink | پینا |
| Sleep | سونا |
| Wake up | جاگنا |
| Run | دوڑنا |
| Walk | چلنا |
| Read | پڑھنا |
| Write | لکھنا |
| Speak | بولنا |
| Listen | سننا |
| See | دیکھنا |
| Watch | دیکھنا (ٹی وی وغیرہ) |
| Play | کھیلنا |
| Study | پڑھائی کرنا |
| Work | کام کرنا |
| Give | دینا |
| Take | لینا |
| Buy | خریدنا |
| Sell | بیچنا |
| Open | کھولنا |
| Close | بند کرنا |
| Cook | پکانا |
| Wash | دھونا |
| Clean | صاف کرنا |
| Help | مدد کرنا |
| Learn | سیکھنا |
| Teach | سکھانا |
| Sit | بیٹھنا |
| Stand | کھڑا ہونا |
| Wait | انتظار کرنا |
| Think | سوچنا |
| Understand | سمجھنا |
| Love | محبت کرنا |
| Like | پسند کرنا |
Example sentences:
- I go to school every day.
- She reads books at night.
- We play cricket on Sunday.
- Please open the door.
- He is cleaning his room.
Part 8: Common Adjectives (Describing Words)
| English |
Urdu Meaning |
| Big | بڑا |
| Small | چھوٹا |
| Happy | خوش |
| Sad | اداس |
| Good | اچھا |
| Bad | برا |
| Hot | گرم |
| Cold | ٹھنڈا |
| New | نیا |
| Old | پرانا |
| Fast | تیز |
| Slow | آہستہ |
| Beautiful | خوبصورت |
| Ugly | بدصورت |
| Easy | آسان |
| Difficult | مشکل |
| Tall | لمبا |
| Short | چھوٹا (قد میں) |
| Strong | مضبوط |
| Weak | کمزور |
| Rich | امیر |
| Poor | غریب |
| Clean | صاف |
| Dirty | گندا |
| Full | بھرا ہوا |
| Empty | خالی |
| Heavy | بھاری |
| Light | ہلکا |
Example sentences:
- This is a big house with a small garden.
- The weather is very hot today.
- She is a strong and beautiful girl.
Part 9: Common Nouns (Everyday Objects)
| English |
Urdu Meaning |
| Book | کتاب |
| Pen | قلم |
| Pencil | پنسل |
| Table | میز |
| Chair | کرسی |
| House | گھر |
| School | سکول |
| Car | گاڑی |
| Water | پانی |
| Food | کھانا |
| Money | پیسے |
| Phone | فون |
| Door | دروازہ |
| Window | کھڑکی |
| Bag | بیگ |
| Clock | گھڑی |
| Bed | بستر |
| Room | کمرہ |
| City | شہر |
| Village | گاؤں |
| Road | سڑک |
| Tree | درخت |
| Sky | آسمان |
| Sun | سورج |
| Moon | چاند |
| Star | ستارہ |
Part 10: Weather Words
| English |
Urdu Meaning |
| Rain | بارش |
| Sun | دھوپ |
| Cloud | بادل |
| Wind | ہوا |
| Storm | طوفان |
| Snow | برف |
| Hot weather | گرم موسم |
| Cold weather | ٹھنڈا موسم |
Example sentence:
- It is raining today, so take an umbrella.
Part 11: Body Parts
| English |
Urdu Meaning |
| Head | سر |
| Eye | آنکھ |
| Ear | کان |
| Nose | ناک |
| Mouth | منہ |
| Hand | ہاتھ |
| Leg | ٹانگ |
| Foot | پاؤں |
| Hair | بال |
| Heart | دل |
Part 12: Food Words
| English |
Urdu Meaning |
| Bread | روٹی |
| Rice | چاول |
| Milk | دودھ |
| Egg | انڈا |
| Meat | گوشت |
| Vegetable | سبزی |
| Fruit | پھل |
| Tea | چائے |
| Sugar | چینی |
| Salt | نمک |
Example sentence:
- I like to eat rice and vegetables for lunch.
Part 13: Animals
| English |
Urdu Meaning |
| Dog | کتا |
| Cat | بلی |
| Cow | گائے |
| Goat | بکری |
| Horse | گھوڑا |
| Bird | پرندہ |
| Fish | مچھلی |
| Lion | شیر |
Part 14: Question Words
| English |
Urdu Meaning |
| What | کیا |
| Where | کہاں |
| When | کب |
| Why | کیوں |
| Who | کون |
| How | کیسے |
| Which | کونسا |
| How much | کتنا |
| How many | کتنے |
Example sentences:
- What is your name?
- Where do you live?
- Why are you late?
- How much does this cost?
Part 15: Prepositions (Position Words)
| English |
Urdu Meaning |
| In | میں |
| On | پر |
| Under | نیچے |
| Near | قریب |
| Behind | پیچھے |
| In front of | سامنے |
| Between | درمیان |
| With | کے ساتھ |
Example sentences:
- The book is on the table.
- The cat is under the chair.
- She is standing near the door.
Part 16: Conjunctions (Joining Words)
| English |
Urdu Meaning |
| And | اور |
| But | لیکن |
| Or | یا |
| Because | کیونکہ |
| So | اس لیے |
Example sentences:
- I like tea and coffee.
- She is tired, but she is working.
- I stayed home because it was raining.
Part 17: Simple Sentences Using These Words
- I am a good student.
- She is my mother.
- We go to school every day.
- This book is new.
- The sky is blue and beautiful.
- My father works in an office.
- They are playing in the park.
- Where is your house?
- I like to read books.
- Today is Monday.
- The weather is very cold today.
- Please give me a glass of water.
- My sister is cooking food in the kitchen.
- He is a tall and strong man.
- We are happy because it is Sunday.
Part 18: Short Story Using Simple Words
My Day
I wake up early in the morning. First, I wash my face and brush my teeth. Then, I eat breakfast with my family. I drink milk and eat bread. After that, I go to school. My school is near my house. I study English, Math, and Science. At school, I play with my friends. In the afternoon, I come back home. I do my homework and help my mother. In the evening, I play outside with my brother. At night, I eat dinner and sleep early.
Part 19: Practice Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
- My ______ (father/mother) is a doctor.
- The colour of grass is ______ (green/red).
- I ______ (eat/sleep) breakfast in the morning.
- Today is ______ (day of the week).
- This chair is very ______ (big/small).
- The weather is ______ (hot/cold) in winter.
- I ______ (go/come) to school by car.
- She is ______ (happy/sad) because she passed the test.
Exercise 2: Translate into English
- میرا نام علی ہے۔
- آج جمعہ ہے۔
- میں پانی پینا چاہتا ہوں۔
- یہ کتاب نئی ہے۔
- وہ سکول جا رہی ہے۔
Exercise 3: Make sentences using these words
- Happy
- School
- Friend
- Water
- Beautiful
Part 20: Tips for Learning English Words
-
Practice daily – Learn 5–10 new words every day.
-
Use flashcards – Write English words on one side and Urdu meaning on the other.
-
Speak aloud – Say the words and sentences out loud to improve pronunciation.
-
Make sentences – Always use new words in sentences, not just memorize them.
-
Read simple books – Reading helps you see words used in context.
-
Listen to English – Watch English cartoons, songs, or shows for kids.
-
Revise regularly – Go back to old words often so you don't forget them.
Summary
In this complete lesson, you learned:
- Greetings and common phrases
- Pronouns
- Numbers and ordinal numbers
- Days, months, and time words
- Colors
- Family members
- Common verbs, adjectives, and nouns
- Weather, body parts, food, and animal words
- Question words, prepositions, and conjunctions
- Simple sentences and a short story
- Practice exercises and learning tips
Keep practicing every day. The more you use these words in speaking and writing, the faster you will become fluent in English!
